Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy

the long version

This textbook provides a wide-ranging review of modern techniques of atomic and molecular spectroscopy. A brief description of atomic and molecular structure is followed by the relevant energy structure expressions. Then, after a discussion of radiative properties and the origin of spectra, spectroscopy techniques are covered: X-ray and photoelectron spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and radiofrequency and microwave techniques. In a treatment of laser spectroscopy, various tunable sources and a wide range of techniques characterized by high sensitivity and high resolution are discussed. Throughout this book the relation between fundamental and applied aspects is elucidated, in particular by descriptions of applications to chemical analysis, photochemistry, surface characterisation, environmental and medical diagnostics, remote sensing and astrophysics.