Visual polemics in the ninth-century Byzantine psalters

the long version

"Among the first works of art produced after Iconoclasm was defeated in 843, three Byzantine Marginal Psalters that have survived provide a rare glimpse into the world of scholarship and religious and political debate that occupied some of the leading intellectuals in Constantinople. The manuscripts are best known for their depictions of the heroes and villains of the Iconoclastic controversy: Iconoclasts whitewashing the icons of Christ, and Iconophiles triumphing over defeated Iconoclasts. But these psalters also contain hundreds of marginal images--some literal, some typological--most of which have no apparent relationship to Iconoclasm, and which have resisted interpretation. If not Iconophile polemics, what motivated the artists or their patrons in the choice of illustrations?"--BOOK JACKET. "Through a textual, as well as contextual, analysis of the images and relevant psalter passages, Kathleen Corrigan demonstrates that the marginal psalters are indeed polemical, but that their stance is not simply anti-Iconoclastic. Image after image seems directed toward defining and defending the Orthodox position, not only on the question of images, but on most of the essential points of Orthodox Christian dogma. The opponents refuted are not just Iconoclasts, but Jews and Muslims as well. With the demise of Iconoclasm, the most avid defenders of the images now used them to defend Orthodoxy and condemn its enemies."--BOOK JACKET.