The persistence of sail in the age of steam

the long version

Synonymous with shipwrecks for centuries, the well-traveled waters surrounding the Dry Tortugas provide archaeologists with a large number of sites excellent for underwater investigation. Among them are six sailing ships, dating from the mid- to late-nineteenth century, that are of only minor interest when viewed historically. Considered anthropologically, however, they are a window onto the adaptability of an industry struggling with obsolescence. Focusing on the Pulaski Site, of which she was the principal investigator, Souza shows how merchant sailing attempted to compete with steamships through technological adaptation. Rich assemblages of deck machinery and related hardware provide numerous examples of specialized skills, developed over centuries, being brought to bear against the threat of superior technology. More surprising, however, are results indicating adaptive changes in behavior - namely, increased risk-taking. Souza addresses the issue in depth by outlining the factor of risk and risk-taking behavior, identifying the archaeological signatures of this behavior, and documenting the specific evidence for it. The result is not just a valuable contribution to our understanding of the maritime past, but also a work with broad applications to the study of cultural change and a model for a new kind of underwater archaeology. Professionals and students with a special interest in underwater archaeology, historical archaeology, maritime history, or cultural resource management will find this book to be of great use.