AASHTO LRFD strut-and-tie model design examples

The strut-and-tie method (STM) prescribed in the AASHTO LRFD Specifications is explained. Disturbed regions of structures resulting from geometric or force discontinuities where STM must be used are identified. A step-by-step procedure for STM is provided. Five detailed design examples are also provided; they include: 1) design of cap beam, 2) design of footing, 3) design of pile cap, 4) design of dapped end region of girder, and 5) design of hammerhead pier.