The Kurdish question revisited

the long version

The Kurds, once marginal in the study of the Middle East and secondary in its international relations, have moved to centre stage in recent years. In Turkey, where the Kurdish question is an issue of national significance, and in Iraq, where the gains made by the Kurdistan Regional Government have allowed it impose its authority, moves are afoot to solve 'the Kurdish Question' once and for all. In Syria, where the Kurds have borne the brunt of the Islamic State's onslaught as they defended their three self-declared cantons of Afrin, Kobane, and Cezire, and in Iran, where they struggle to express their cultural distinctive--ness and suffer disproportionately at the hands of the Islamic Republic's security and intelligence services, the pictures is less positive. Yet the situ--ations in both countries remain in flux, affected by developments in Iraq and Turkey in a manner that suggests we may have to revise the notion of the Kurds being forever divided by the bounda--ries of the Middle East's political geography and subsumed into the state projects of other nations.0The contributors to The Kurdish Question Revisited offer insights into how this once seemingly intractable, immutable phenomenon is be--ing transformed amid the new political realities of the Middle East.