Logical forms

the long version

When is a reason for doing or believing something a good reason? Over the past century, logicʹs contribution to answering this question has typically involved finding "logical forms": that is, using a special notation to bring out logical features more clearly. The correct identification of logical forms has been held to be important not only to logic but also to philosophy. Bertrand Russell coined the phrase "philosophical logic" to describe an approach to philosophical problems: find the correct logical form of the problematic sentences, and the problems vanish. Logical Forms explains both the theoretical underpinnings of the approach and the detailed problems involved in finding logical forms in the languages of propositional logic, classical first order logic, modal logic, and some alternatives such as free logic, binary and substitutional quantifiers. -- Book cover.