IPT's industrial fasteners handbook training manual

the long version

Section One—Bolting and Fastener Codes Fastener Standards Standards Guide ANSI/ASME Standards ASTM Standards SAE/lFl Standards ISO Standards Table Guide Section Two—Screw Threads Screw Thread Uses Unified Thread Development Metric Thread Development ISO Metric Threads Thread Nomenclature Left and Right Threads Single and Multiple Threads Thread Size Limits Section Three—Thread Guide Inch Thread Selection UN Threads UNR Threads UNK Threads UNJ Threads Metric Thread Selection Thread Series Comparison Unified Fine Threads (UNF) Unified 8 Thread (8UN) 12 16 Thread Series Fine vs Coarse Threads Metric Threads Classes of Thread Fit Unified Inch Thread Fit Metric Thread Fit Section Four—Materials & Strengths Material Selection Fastener Properties Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength Yield Strength Proof Load Shear Strength Impact Toughness Torsional Strength Fatigue Strength Hardness Ductility Carbon Steel Fasteners Low Carbon Grades Alloy Steels Metric Fastener Grades Metric Grade Examples Identification and Markings Internal Thread Grades Inch Nuts Carbon Steel Nut Grades Metric Series Nuts Nut Overtapping Nut Markings Nut Precautions Nut vs Bolt Strength Section Five—Bolted Joints Fail Safe Joint Factors Bolted Joint Stress Bolted Joint Types Rigid Joints Gasketed Joints Gasketed Joint Tightening Multi Fastener Joints Differential Loading Bending Stress Bolted Joint Vibration Loosening Prevention Bolted Joint Relaxation Bolted Joint Creep Minimize Relaxation Flanged Connections Flange Types Flange Faces Flange Bolting Studbolts Nut Bolt Guidelines Section Six—Tightening & Torque Torque and Tension Torque Measurement Units Torque Tension Properties Elastic Limit Distortion Tensile Strength Residual Tension Elasticity Compression Cold Flow Hooke's Law1 Torquing Necessity Fastener Tension (preload) Tightening Methods Wrench Types Open End Wrenches Box Wrenches Combination Wrenches Adjustable Wrenches1 Rachet Box End Wrenches Slug (hammer) Wrenches Socket Sets Allen and Fluted Wrenches Wrench vs Bolt Sizes Spanner Wrenches Tubing Wrenches Wrench Practices Hydraulic Ram Wrenches Hydraulic Tightening Piston Nut Tightener Hydraulic Tensioners Heating Bolts Controlling Torque Preload Scatter Preload Measurement Torque Wrenches Lever Length Torque Wrench Principle Torque Wrench Adaptors Torque Wrench Extension Gear Head Multipliers Torque Wrench Use Torque Tables Preload By Elongation Bolt Length Measurement Turn of Nut Measurement Tension Control Ultrasonic Measurement Torque Nuts Section Seven—Gaskets Introduction Gasket Selection Gasket Pressures Gasket Selection Guide Gasket Thickness Creep and Relaxation Gasket Permeability Gasket Materials Non metallic Materials Cork Cellulose Fibre Asbestos Non Asbestos Fibres Teflon Natural Rubber Styrene Butadiene Butyl Nitrile Neoprene Ethylene Propylene Acrylic Viton Silicone Gasket Reinforcements Metallic Gaskets Metallic Materials Metallic Types Spiral Wound Plain Metal Jacketed Flat Metal Gaskets Corrugated Metal Gaskets Round Metal Gaskets Heavy Metal Gaskets Metallic Selection Guide Gasket Problems Joint Distortion Flange Distortion Flange Bowing Flange Face Roughness Internal Pressure Torque Loss Gasket Design Faults Making Gaskets Trace and Tap Method Compass Method Chord Chart Layout Angle and Bolt Circle Gasket Fit Gasket Sealer Breaking Bolted Joints Installation Practices O Ring Seals O Ring Applications Dynamic O Ring Seals Reciprocating Motion Damaged O Rings Static O Ring Seals O Ring Features O Ring Grooves O Ring Installation Section Eight—Pipe Threads Pipe Fittings Sizing Pipe Pipe Schedules Pipe Threads Thread Nomenclature Taper Thread Tightening Pipe Thread Factors Straight Pipe Threads Lubricants and Sealants Thread Designations Dryseal Pipe Threads Pipe Thread Comparison Pipe Wrenches Pipe Threading Dies Pipe Taps Pipe Connectors Section Nine—Assorted Threaded Fasteners Fastener Styles Fastener Standards Driving Recesses Head Styles Standard Bolt Styles Square Head Bolts Carriage Bolts T Head Bolts Step Bolts Hex Cap Screw Countersunk Bolts Socket Head Cap Screw Hex Head Washer Hangar Bolts Connector Bolts Twelve Point Head Plow Bolts Lag Bolts Eye Bolts Eye Nuts Formed Bolts Threaded Fastener Holes Fastener End Points Socket Set Screws Set Screw End Points Set Screw Hardness Assorted Nuts Hex Nuts Jam Nuts Castellated and Slotted Locking Nuts Free Spinning Locknuts Prevailing Torque Locknuts Plastic Insert Locknut Liquid Locknuts Removing Damaged Nuts Washers Flat Washers Conical Washers Lock Washers Preload Sensor Bolts Screws Machine Screws Self tapping Screws Wood Screws Dimension Table Guide Bolt and Screw Dimensions Section Ten—Non­Threaded Fasteners Keys Rectangular Keys Keyseat Alignment Chamfered Keys Pratt and Whitney Keys Gib Head Keys Woodruff Keys Tapered Keys Pin Fasteners Machine Pins Hardened Dowel Pins Straight Pins Taper Pins Cotter Pins Clevis Pins Radial Locking Pins Grooved Surface Pins Hollow Spring Pins Quick Release Pins Push Pull Pins Spring Locking Pins Retaining (snap) Rings Axially Assembled Rings Radially Assembled Rings Self Locking Rings Rivets Rivet Heads Large Rivets Small Rivets Semi Tubular Rivets Full Tubular Rivets Split Rivets Compression Rivets Metal Piercing Rivets Blind Rivets Explosive Rivets Drive Pin Rivets Pull Stem Rivets Pop Rivets Self Plugging Rivets Riveting Methods Removing Rivets Section Eleven—Thread Cutting Square Threads Acme Threads Sharp V Thread Buttress Thread Whitworth Standard Thread Thread Calculation Lathe Cutting Center Gage Cutting Tool Materials Metric Lathe Inch Lathe Quick Change Gearbox Thread Chasing Dial Cutting 60 Degree Thread Resetting Threading Bit Finishing Thread End Cutting Left Hand Thread Cutting Tapered Thread Tapping Internal Thread Die Cutting External Thread Cutting Fluids Thread Measurement Three Wire Measurement Hand Taps Tap Drill Sizes Tapping a Hole Removing Broken Taps Threading Dies Split Die Thread Repair Thread Inserts Wire Coil Insert Self Tapping Insert Molded Insert Pressed Insert Thread Chasers Tapping Faults Bell Mouth Hole PoorThread Finish Chipped Teeth Tap Breakage Tapping Aluminum Tapping Plastics Section Twelve—Lockwire General Lockwire Rules Lockwiring Patterns Lockwiring Method Lockwiring Steps Locking Plates Section Thirteen—Stainless & Plated Fasteners Corrosion Attack Corrosion Protection Plating Hot dipped Plating Mechanical Plating Zinc Plating Cadmium Plating Aluminum Plating Plating Thickness Plating Problems Plating Standards Stainless Steel Fasteners Austenitic Stainless Martensitic Stainless Ferritic Stainless Titanium Fasteners Stainless Steel Standards Section Fourteen—Adhesives Adhesive Uses Adhesive Limitations Adhesive Types Anaerobics Epoxies Cyanoacrylates Hot Melt Phenolics Polyurethane Silicone Adhesive Selection Joint Design Section Fifteen—Anchoring Systems Anchor Types Heavy Duty Anchors Medium Duty Anchors Light Duty Anchors Powder Actuated Tools High Velocity Tools Low Velocity Tools Powder Load Types Fastener Types Fastening in Concrete Fastening in Steel Full Fastening Strength Powder Actuated Safety Powder Actuated Codes Section Sixteen—Critical Issue of Fastener Quality Reasons for Concern Quality of Fasteners Quality of Installation Fastener Headmarkings